Packagers instituted an assembly line style method of creating books, using top talents like Kirby to create the look and pace of the story and then handing off the inking, lettering, and coloring to largely anonymous - and low-paid - creators to finish it.ĭeadline pressures and a desire for consistency in the look of a feature led to having one artist pencil a feature while one or more other artists inked it. In the early days, the creator of the feature would get credit for as long as he worked on the feature, but when he was replaced by other artists, no name credit would be given to them. Although some "star" creators' names (such as Simon and Kirby or Bob Kane) usually appeared at the beginning of each story, the publisher generally didn't care which artists worked on the book. In the early days of comic books, many publishers hired "packagers" to produce entire books. ( October 2009) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)įor a long time, inking was considered a minor part of the comics industry, only marginally above lettering in the pecking order. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. While this procedure saves a company time and shipping costs, it requires artists to spend money for computer equipment. The inker downloads them, prints them in blue, inks the pages, scans them in and loads the finished pages back on the FTP site for the company to download. However, many regard the process as more time-consuming.Īs of 2015 some companies put scanned pencils on an FTP site. A graphics tablet is the most common tool used to accurately ink digitally, and use of vector-based programs precludes pixelization due to changes in resolution. One can ink digitally using computers, a practice that has started to become more common as inkers learn to use powerful drawing and editing tools such as Adobe Illustrator and Photoshop, Inkscape, Corel Painter, and Manga Studio. The inking duo Akin & Garvey had a similar arrangement, with one inking the figures and the other the backgrounds. Neal Adams' Crusty Bunkers worked like this, with say one inker responsible for the characters' heads, another doing bodies, and a third embellishing backgrounds. Where an artist instead hires his own assistants, the roles are less structured an artist might, for example, ink all the faces of the characters while leaving the assistant to ink in the backgrounds, or work with the inker in a more collaborative fashion. The division between penciler and inker described here is most frequently found where the penciler and inker are hired independently of each other by the publisher. Craig Russell on the Elric of Melniboné series). Alternatively, an inker may do the basic layout of the page, give the work to another artist to do more detailed pencil work, and then ink the page himself (as Joe Simon often did when inking Jack Kirby, or when Michael T. An experienced inker paired with a novice penciler might be responsible for correcting anatomical or other mistakes, modifying facial expressions, or changing or improving the artwork in a variety of other ways. Some inkers will often do more than simply interpret the pencil markings into pen and brush strokes depending on how much detail the penciler puts into the pencil drawings, the inker might add shading or be responsible for the placement of black spaces and shadows in the final drawing. Accordingly, the inker has to translate pencil shading into patterns of ink, as for example by using closely spaced parallel lines, feathering, or cross-hatching. By contrast, an ink line generally can be only solid black. A pencil drawing can have an infinite number of shades of grey, depending on the hardness of the graphite and the pressure applied by the artist. The look of a penciler's final art can vary enormously depending on the inker. While inking can involve tracing pencil lines in a literal sense, it also requires interpreting the pencils, giving proper weight to the lines, correcting mistakes, and making other creative choices. ( October 2009) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. This section needs additional citations for verification.
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